အနက္ေျပာင္း ၁

ေပါင္းေတာ့ အနက္ေျပာင္း ႈ ၁။lady = မိန္းမပ်ိဳfinger = လက္ေခ်ာင္းladyfinger = ရံုးပတီသီး...။၂။Chair = ကုလားထိုင္။Man =လူ၊ ေယာက္်ားႀကီး။Chairman = ဥကၠဌ၃။nut = အခံြမာသီး။house =အိမ္။nut-house = အ႐ူးေထာင္။၄။cow = ႏြားမ။Pea = ပဲလံုုး။cow-pea = ပဲလြမ္း။၅။water = ေရcress = စမုန္နီ၊ စမုန္။Water cress = ကန္ဇြန္းရြက္၆။Man = လူgo = သြားသည္Mango = သရက္သီး၇။။purse = ပိုက္ဆံအိတ္။purses = သေဘၤာအရာရ္ိွမ်ား။၈။small = ေသးငယ္ေသာ။beer = ဘီယာ။small beer= အေသးအဖဲြ။၉။money. = ပိုက္ဆံ ။bags = အိတ္မ်ား။moneybags = သူေဌးႀကီး၊ ဓနရွင္ ။၁၀။heart = ႏွလံုး ။stopping = ရပ္တ့ံျခင္း။heart-stopping = သည္းထိတ္ရင္ဖို။၁၁။mouth = ပါးစပ္။watering = အပင္ေရေလာင္းျခင္း။mouth-watering. = သြားရည္ယိုစရာ။၁၂။cow = ႏြားမ။boy =လူကေလး။cowboy = ႏြားေက်ာင္းသား။၁၃။big = ႀကီးေသာ။head = ဦးေခါင္း။big-head = ဘ၀င္ျမင့္သူ။၁၄။Lady = အမ်ိဳးသမီးbird = ငွက္ladybird = ပိတုံးေကာင္၁၅။car = ကား။park = ပန္းျခံ။car park = ယာဥ္ရပ္နားစခန္း။၁၆။peacock = ဥေဒါင္း၊ ေဒါင္းဖို။flower = ပန္း။peacock-flower = စိန္ပန္း။၁၇။love = ခ်စ္ျခင္းေမတၱာ။child = ကေလး။love-child = တရား၀င္ လက္မထပ္ဘဲ ရရိွေသာ ကေလး။၁၈။ sugar = သၾကား။apple = ပန္းသီး ။sugar-apple = ၾသဇာသီး။၁၉။။ bale = ေဘထုပ္။fruit = အသီး။bale fruit = ဥသွ်စ္သီး၂၀။ sugar = သၾကား။cane = ႀကိမ္ပင္၊ ႀကိမ္လံုး။sugarcane = ၾကံ။၂၁။ palm = ထန္းပင္။sugar = သၾကား။palm-sugar = ထန္းလ်က္။၂၂။ Jack = ၀န္ခ်ီသည့္ ဂ်ိဳက္ ( ကားဘီးလဲရန္။)fruit = အသီး။jackfruit = ပိႏၷဲသီး။၂၃။ palm = ထန္းပင္။wine = ၀ိုင္အရက္။palm wine = ထန္းရည္။၂၄။ drum = ဗံု။stick = တုတ္ေခ်ာင္း။drumstick = ဒန္႔သလြန္သီး။၂၅။ ant = ပုရြက္ဆိတ္ ။lion = ျခေသၤ့။ant-lion = ( အင္းဆက္ပိုး) ဖုတ္ေကာင္။၂၆။ chicken = ၾကက္၊ ၾကက္သား။run = ေျပးသည္။chicken-run = ၾကက္ျခံ။၂၇။ big = ႀကီးေသာ။stick = တုတ္ေခ်ာင္း။big stick = မိမိကိုယ္ကို အေရးပါသူဟုထင္သူ။၂၈။tiger = က်ား။lady = အမ်ိဳးသမီး။tiger-lady = သဇင္ပန္း။၂၉။ cow = ႏြားမ။Pea = ပဲလံုုး။cow-pea = ပဲလြမ္း။၃၀။ sugar-apple = ၾသဇာသီး။custard apple = ၾသဇာသီး။sweetsop = ၾသဇာသီး။၃၁။ chest = ရင္ဘတ္။nut = အခြံမာသီး။chestnut = သစ္အယ္သီး၊ သစ္အယ္ပင္။၃၂။ chick = ၾကက္ေပါက္စ၊ ငွက္ေပါက္စ။pea = ပဲလံုး၊ ပဲေစ့။chick-pea = ကုလားပဲ။၃၃။ star = ၾကယ္။fruit = အသီး။star fruit = ေစာင္းလ်ားသီး။

EngLish Essays Title 1

1. A Bad Journey
2. A Detesting Career
3. A Scene at A Common Water Tap
4. A Scene at A Railway Station
5. A Bad Workman Always Blames His Tools.
6. A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush.
7. A Contented Mind Is A Perpetual Feast.
8. A Drowning Man Will Clutch At Straws.
9. A Fault Confessed Is Half Redressed.
10. A Fool And His Money Are Soon Parted.
11. A Hot Summer Day
12. A Journey By Air
13. A Pleasure Ride In A Car
14. A Prize Distribution Function
15. A Road Accident I Saw
16. A Scene at An Election Booth
17. A Visit to A Circus Show
18. A Visit to A Place of Historic Interest
19. A Visit to A Zoo
20. A Visit To An Exhibition
21. A Visit to Hill Station
22. A Visit to Taj Mahal
23. A Visit to The Radio Station
24. Action Speaks Louder Than Words.
25. AIDS Awareness Programmes
26. All Is Fish That Comes To The Net.
27. All Is Well That Ends Well.
28. All Lay Loads on A Willing Horse.
29. All That Glitters Is Not Gold.
30. All Work And No Play Makes Jack A Dull Boy.
31. An Educational Tour
32. As You Sow So Shall You Reap.
33. Barking Dogs Seldom Bite.
34. Beggars Must Not Be Choosers.
35. Better The Devil You Know Than The Devil You Do not.
36. Better To Get An Egg Today Than A Hen Tomorrow.
37. Birds Of A Feather Flock Together.
38. Blood Is Thicker Than Water.
39. Books and Friends Should Be Few But Good.
40. Brevity Is The Soul of Wit.
41. Burn Not Your House To Fright The Mouse Away.
42. Call A Spade A Spade.
43. Call No Man Happy Till He Is Dead.
44. Changing Generation
45. Charity Begins At Home.
46. Cleanliness Is Next To Godliness.
47. Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before.
48. Computer Science for Progress
49. Cross The Stream Where It Is The Shallowest.
50. Curses Like Chickens Come Home to Roost.
51. Cut The Cloth According To The Measurements.
52. Cut Your Cloth According To your Measurements.
53. Death Is The Great Leveler.
54. Democracy versus Dictatorship
55. Desperate Diseases Must Have Desperate Remedies.
56. Discontent Is The First Step In Progress.
57. Discretion Is The Better Part Of Valour.
58. Distance Lends Enchantment To The View.
59. Do not Cast Pearls before Swine.
60. Do not Count Your Chickens Before They Are Hatched.
61. Do you suffer from a phobia?
62. Dowry System-A Curse
63. Empty Vessels Make The Most Sound.
64. Environment
65. Example Is Better Than Precept.
66. Every Dog Has His Day.
67. Everybody’s Business Is Nobody’s Business.
68. Every Cloud Had A Silver Lining.
69. Every Horse Thinks Its Own Pack is The Heaviest.
70. Evils of Wars
71. Familiarity Breeds Contempt.
72. Fine Feathers Make Fine Birds.
73. Fling Dirt Enough And Some Will Stick.
74. Fools Rush In Where Angels Fear To Tread.
75. Forbidden Fruit Is The Sweetest.
76. Forewarned Is Forearmed.
77. Fortune Favors The Bold.
78. Freedom of The Press
79. Give A Dog An Ill Name And Hang Him.
80. God Help Those Who Help Themselves.
81. Good Fences Make Good Neighbors.
82. Grasp All And You Lose All.
83. Great Oaks From Little Acorns Grow.
84. Habit Does not Make The Monk.
85. Handsome Is As Handsome Does.
86. He Laughs Best Who Laughs Last.
87. He Should Have A Long Spoon That Sups With The Devil.
88. He That Hath A Full Purse Never Wanted A Friend.
89. He That Hath No Silver In His Purse Should Have Silk In His Tongue.
90. He Who Cannot Obey Cannot Command.
91. He Who Has A Great Nose Thinks Everybody Is Speaking Of It.
92. He Who Plays The Piper Calls The Tune.
93. He Who Rides A Tiger Is Afraid To Dismount.
94. Health Is Better Than Wealth.
95. History Repeats Itself.
96. Hoist Your Sail When The Wind Is Fair.
97. Hope for The Best and Prepare For The Worst.
98. I am Proud of My Country.
99. I LOVE MY INDIA.
100. If I Were A Millionaire
101. If I Were A Scientist
102. If I Were An Examiner
103. If I Were The Principal of A School
104. If There Is A Will There Is A Way.
105. Let Sleeping Dogs Lie.
106. Mountaineering
107. Little Strokes Fell Great Oaks.
108. My Ambition
109. My Ambition in Life
110. My Country
111. My Hobby - 1
112. My Hobby - 2
113. My Experience on A Rainy Day
114. My Favourite Player
115. My First Day at School
116. My Neighbors
117. My School
118. Nationalization
119. Need for Forest Conservation
120. Never Cry Over Spilt Milk.
121. Nuclear Energy
122. One Lie Makes Many.
123. Pleasure of Reading - 1
124. Pleasures of Reading - 2
125. Pleasures in My Life
126. Plight of An Examination
127. Pollution And Ecological Problems
128. Power Corrupts A Person
129. Problems of Unemployment
130. Prosperity Make Friends-Adversity Tries Them.
131. Role of The Press
132. Role of Women in Modern India
133. Rome Was Not Built In A Day.
134. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
135. Science is A Good Servant but A Bad Master.
136. Scouting
137. Sportsmanship
138. The Best Fish Swim Near The Bottom.
139. The Bull Must Be Taken By The Horns.
140. The Children Day
141. The Early Bird Catches The Worm.
142. The End Justifies The Means.
143. The Evils of Drinking Liquor
144. The failure says that the Grapes are sour.
145. The Game I Like Most
146. The Hand That Rocks The Cradle Rules The World.
147. The Indian Independence Day
148. The Indian Republic Day
149. The Mind In Its Place & Itself Can Make A Heaven Of Hell & Hell Of Heaven.
150. The pen is mightier than the sword.
151. The Strength Of The Chain Is In The Weakest Link.
152. The Uses of Leisure
153. The Vacation I Had
154. The Value of Games in Education
155. The Value of Sports
156. Thrills of Walking Tours
157. Time and Tide Waits For No Man.
158. Too Many Cooks Spoil The Broth.
159. United We Stand Divided We Fall.
160. Watching A Football Match
161. Will-Power
162. Work is Worship.
     
     

အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း (၃)

အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း (၃)

သည္ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကေတာ့ ေပးထားတဲ့ ၀ါက်ကို အတိတ္ကာလ ပံုသဏၭာန္ေျပာင္းရမွာ ပါ။
နမူနာ...
She doesn’t need a new umbrella. လို႔ ေပးထားရင္ အေျဖက...
She didn’t need a new umbrella. လို႔ ျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ရမယ္ေနာ္။
လုပ္ၾကည့္လိုက္ၾကပါဦးစို႔။

Put the following verbs into the past tense. Use had to as the past tense of must and didn’t need as a past tense of needn’t.
1. He isn’t working hard.
2. She doesn’t like cats.
3. I can’t say anything.
4. We must read it carefully.
5. He won’t help us.
6. He can lift it easily.
7. It isn’t far from London.
8. Isn’t it too heavy to carry?
9. He needn’t pay at once.
10. He hopes that Tom will be there. (He
hoped...)
11. How much does this cost?
12. He says that Ann may be there. (He
said...)
13. How old is he?
14. Do you see any difference?
15. I do what I can.
16. How far can you swim?
17. I must change my shoes.
18. Tom dares not complain.
19. I don’t dare (to) touch it.
20. Have you time to do it?
21. Are you frightened?
22. Must you pay for it yourself?
23. The letter needn’t be typed.
24. We hope that he’ll come. (We
hoped...)
25. He says that she may not be in time.
(He said that she...)
26. Do you understand what he is saying?
I don’t.
27. There are accidents everv day at these
crossroads.
28. She thinks that it may cost £100. (She
thought that it. . .)
29. Doesn’t Mr Pitt know your address?
30. They aren’t expecting me, are they?
31. He thinks that the snakes may be
dangerous. (see 28)
32. She wants to know if she can borrow
the car. (She wanted to know if . . .)
33. Can’t you manage on £100 a week?
34. Tom is certain that he will win.
35. Can you read the notice? No, I can’t.
36. I don’t think that the bull will attack
us.


အားလံုးေတြးဆ ဆင္ျခင္ၾကည့္ႏိုင္ၾကပါေစ။


အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ၃ ရဲ႕ အေျဖမ်ား
Put the following verbs into the past tense. Use had to as the past tense of must and didn’t need as a past tense of needn’t. 1. He isn’t working hard.
He wasn’t working hard.
2. She doesn’t like cats.
She didn’t like cats.
3. I can’t say anything.
I couldn’t say anything
4. We must read it carefully.
We had to read it carefully.
5. He won’t help us.
He wouldn’t help us.
6. He can lift it easily.
He can’t lift it easily.
7. It isn’t far from London.
It wasn’t far from London.
8. Isn’t it too heavy to carry?
Wasn’t it too heavy to carry?
9. He needn’t pay at once.
He didn’t need pay at once.
10. He hopes that Tom will be there. (He hoped...)
He hoped that Tom would be there.
11. How much does this cost?
How much did this cost?
12. He says that Ann may be there. (He said...)
He said that Ann might be there.
13. How old is he?
How old was he?
14. Do you see any difference?
Did you see any difference?
15. I do what I can.
I did what I could.
16. How far can you swim?
How far could you swim?
17. I must change my shoes.
I had to change my shoes.
18. Tom dares not complain.
Tom did not dare complain.
19. I don’t dare (to) touch it.
I didn’t dare (to) touch it.
20. Have you time to do it?
Had you time to do it?
21. Are you frightened?
Were you frightened?
22. Must you pay for it yourself?
Did you have to pay for it yourself?
23. The letter needn’t be typed.
The letter didn’t need be typed.
24. We hope that he’ll come. (We
hoped...)
We hoped that he’d come.
25. He says that she may not be in time.
(He said that she...)
He says that she might not be in time.
26. Do you understand what he is saying?
I don’t.
Did you understand what he was
saying? I didn’t.
27. There are accidents every day at these
crossroads.
There were accidents every day at
these crossroads.
28. She thinks that it may cost £100. (She
thought that it. . .)
She thought that it might cost £100.
29. Doesn’t Mr Pitt know your address?
Didn’t Mr Pitt know your address?
30. They aren’t expecting me, are they?
They weren’t expecting me, are they?
31. He thinks that the snakes may be
dangerous. (see 28)
He thought that the snakes might be
dangerous.
32. She wants to know if she can borrow
the car. (She wanted to know if . . .)
She wanted to know if she could
borrow the car.
33. Can’t you manage on £100 a week?
Couldn’t you manage on £100 a
week?
34. Tom is certain that he will win.
Tom was certain that he would win.
35. Can you read the notice? No, I can’t.
Could you read the notice? No, I
couldn’t.
36. I don’t think that the bull will attack
us.
I didn’t think that the bull would
attack us.

အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း (၂)

သည္ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းကေတာ့ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း (၁) လို လြယ္လြယ္ ကူကူေလး အကူႀကိယာရဲ႕ ေနာက္မွာ not ထည့္႐ံု၊ ေမးခ်င္တဲ့အခါ အကူ ႀကိယာကို ၀ါက် ေရွ႕ဆံုးကိုပို႔၊ ေနာက္ဆံုးမွာ question mark ထည့္႐ံုနဲ႔ မၿပီးပါဘူး။ သာမန္ ႀကိယာမ်ားလိုdo/does/did ဆိုတာေတြနဲ႔ ဆီေလ်ာ္ေအာင္ တြဲၿပီး ျငင္းမွ၊ ေမးမွရမယ့္ ၀ါက် ေတြနဲ႔ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္းပါ။


She needs a new umbrella. လို႔ ေပးထား ရင္ အေျဖေတြက...
(a) She doesn’t need a new umbrella.
(b) Doese she need a new umbrella?
ဆိုၿပီး ျဖစ္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ရမယ္ေနာ္...
ကဲ... လုပ္ၾကည့္လိုက္ၾကပါဦးစို႔။

Make the sentences
(a) negative and
(b) interrogative, using do/does/did.
1. They have eggs for breakfast.
2. He needs a new coat.
3. He used to sell fruit.
4. They have to work hard.
5. She does the housework.
6. He needs more money.
7. He had a row with his boss.
8. She had a heart attack.
9. Her hair needed cutting.
10. He does his homework after supper.
11. She has a singing lesson every week.
12. She had to make a speech.
13. He does his best.
14. He has to get up at six every day.
15. The children have dinner at school.
16. She dared him to climb it.
17. You did it on purpose.
18. He has his piano tuned regularly.
19. He dares to say that!
20. They had a good time.
21. The drink did him good.
22.My watch needs cleaning.
23.He had an accident.
24.You had your house painted.
25.She used to make her own clothes.
26.You do the exercises.
27.He had difficulty (in) getting a job.
28.He dared to interrupt the president.


အကူႀကိယာ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း ၂ ရဲ႕အေျဖမ်ား

1. They have eggs for breakfast.
The do not have eggs for breakfast.
Do they have eggs for breakfast?
2. He needs a new coat.
He does not need a new coat.
Does he need a new coat?
3. He used to sell fruit.
He did not use to sell fruit.
Did he use to sell fruit?
4. They have to work hard.
The do not have to work hard.
Do they have to work hard?
5. She does the housework.
She does not do the housework.
Does she do the housework?
6. He needs more money.
He does not need more money.
Does he need more money?
7. He had a row with his boss.
He did not have a row with his boss.
Did he have a row with his boss?
8. She had a heart attack.
She did not have a heart attack.
Did she have a heart attack?
9. Her hair needed cutting.
Her hair did not need cutting?
Did her hair need cutting?
10. He does his homework after supper.
He does not do his homework after supper.
Does he do his homework after supper?
11. She has a singing lesson every week.
She does not have a singing lesson every week.
Does she have a singing lesson every week?
12. She had to make a speech.
She did not have to make a speech.
Did she have to make a speech?
13. He does his best.
He does not do his best.
Does he do his best?
14. He has to get up at six every day.
He does not have to get up at six every day.
Does he have to get up at six every day?
15. The children have dinner at school.
The children do not have dinner at school.
Do the children have dinner at school?
16. She dared him to climb it.
She did not dare him to climb it.
Did she dare him to climb it?
17. You did it on purpose.
You did not do it on purpose.
Did you do it on purpose?
18. He has his piano tuned regularly.
He does not have his piano tuned regularly.
Does he have his piano tuned regularly?
19. He dares to say that!
He does not dare to say that!
Does he dare to say that?
20. They had a good time.
They did not have a good time.
Did they have a good time?
21. The drink did him good.
The drink did not do him good.
Did the drink do him good?
22. My watch needs cleaning.
My watch does not need cleaning.
Does my watch need cleaning?
23. He had an accident.
He did not have an accident?
Did he have an accident?
24. You had your house painted.
You did not have your house painted.
Did you have your house painted?
25. She used to make her own clothes.
She did not use to make her own clothes.
Did she used to make her own clothes?
26. You do the exercises.
You do not do the exercises.
Do you do the exercises?
27. He had difficulty (in) getting a job.
He did not have difficulty (in) getting a job.
Did he have difficulty (in) getting a job?
28. He dared to interrupt the president.
He did not dare to interrupt the president.
Did he dare to interrupt the president?

Eight Parts of Speech (၀ါစဂၤ ရွစ္မ်ဳိး)

1. Noun (နာမ္) (N)
What is Noun? Noun is Name. အမည္ဟူသမွ်ကုိ နာမ္
Eg. Mg Mg, Ma Hla, student, book, university, home, world etc.

2. Pronoun (နာမ္စား) (Pron)
Noun-substitute=နာမ္ေနရာတြင္ အစားသုံးေသာပုဒ္

Pronouns (နမ္စားမ်ား)
Subjective Objective Adjective Possessive Reflexive
I Me My Mine Myself
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
You You Your Yours Yourself/lves
He Him His His Himself
She Her Her Hers Herself
They Them Their Theirs Themselves
It It Its Its Itself


3. Adjective (နာမဝိေသသန) (Adj)
Noun-modifier=နာမ္ကုိ အထူးျပဳေသာပုဒ္
Eg. Good, Clever, Handsome, Beautiful, Easy, Interesting etc.


4. Verb (ႀကိယာ) (V)
Doing Word=အလုပ္လုပ္ေသာ စကားလုံး
Eg. Am, Is, Are/ Was, Were (V . Be)
Has, Have/ Had (V . Have)
Do, Speak, Read, Think etc. (V . Do)

5. Adverb (ႀကိယာဝိေသသန) (Adv)
Adjective, Adverb, Verb modifier= နာမဝိေသသန၊ ႀကိယာဝိေသသနအခ်င္းခ်င္း၊ ႀကိယာကုိ အထူးျပဳေသာ စကားလုံး

(1)Adv-က Adj-ကုိ အထူးျပဳ ပုံစံံ
Eg. This book is very (adv) good (adj).
It was a rather (adv)difficult (adj)question.
The answer is quite(adv) clear(adj).

(2) Adv- အခ်င္းခ်င္း အထူးျပဳ ပုံစံ
Eg. I see him so(adv) often(adv).
I am feeling quite(adv) well(adv) today.
He walks very(adv) slowly(adv).

(3) Adv- က V- ကုိ အထူးျပဳ ပုံစံံ
Eg. He speaks(v) quickly(adv).
You should read(v) this book interestingly(adv).
He explained(v) this point clearly(adv).


6. Preposition (ဝိဘတ္ (သုိ႔) ေရွ့ေဆာင္ပုဒ္)(Prepo)
Relation word = ဆက္စပ္ေပးေသာ စကားလုံး
Eg. In, On, At, To, From, With, Near etc.
She is in the classroom.
There is a book on the table.
I get up at 6 o’ clock every morning.


7. Conjunction (စကားဆက္) (Conj)
Joining word =ဆက္ေပးေသာ စကားလုံး
Eg. And, Or, but, Because, If, After etc.
I went to a market and bought a notebook.
You can take it or leave it.
I did not go to school today because I was sick.


8. Interjection (အာေမဍိတ္) (Interj)
Expressing the sudden emotion = ရုတ္တရက္ ခံစားခ်က္ကုိ ျမန္ျမန္ ဆန္ဆန္ ထုတ္ေဖာ္ျခင္း
Eg. Fine!
Well done!
Alas! ဒုကၡပါပဲ!
Oh my God!

Chapter 1 Dialogue on History of Buddha ဗုဒၶ၀င္အေၾကာင္း ႏုိင္ငံျခားသားမ်ားႏွင့္ ေျပာဆုိ ေဆြးေႏြးျခင္း

Leo AungAung

Chapter 1 Dialogue on History of Buddha ဗုဒၶ၀င္အေၾကာင္း ႏုိင္ငံျခားသားမ်ားႏွင့္ ေျပာဆုိ ေဆြးေႏြးျခင္း
လာေရာက္ေလ႕လာရင္းအၾကံေပးေဆြးေႏြးေရးသားႏိုင္ပါတယ္။

ဗုဒၶ၀င္ အဂၤလိပ္ စကားေျပာ ( Dialogue On History Of Buddha )
ျမန္မာလူမ်ိဳးမ်ား အေနႏွင့္ ဘာသာေရး၌ ကမာၻႏွင့္ ရင္ေဘာင္တန္းႏိုင္ေစရန္ ၊ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသားမ်ားႏွင့္ စကားေျပာဆုိ ဆက္ဆံရာ၌ မိမိ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ယဥ္ေက်းမႈကို ေမးျမန္းလာခဲ့လွ်င္ တတ္ႏုိင္သမွ် ေျဖရွင္းျပႏိုင္ရန္ ရည္ရြယ္၍ ဆရာ ေရႊမင္း၀န္ ဦးဘုန္းျမင့္က Dialogue အေျပာပံုစံျဖင့္ ျဖည့္စြက္ၿပီး " ဗုဒၶ၀င္ အဂၤလိပ္ စကားေျပာ ( Dialogue On History Of Buddha ) " စာအုပ္ကို ျပဳစုေရးသားခဲ့ပါသည္။ ကၽြႏု္ပ္ ကိုယ္တုိင္သည္လည္း ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ျမန္မာစာအုပ္သာ အဖတ္မ်ား၍ အဂၤလိပ္လို ေမးေျပာလာသည့္အခါ မည္သို႔ မည္ပံု ေျဖရမည္ မသိ အိုးနင္းခြက္နင္း ျဖစ္ရပါသည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ စာအုပ္မ်ား ရွာေဖြရင္း ယခု စာအုပ္ေလးကုိ ေတြ႔ရွိၿပီး အားလံုးေသာ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ ရဟန္း ရွင္လူ အေပါင္းအားလည္း မသိေသးသူမ်ား သိရွိႏုိင္ရန္အတြက္ ဆရာ ေရႊမင္း၀န္ ဦးဘုန္းျမင့္ စာအုပ္ေလးထဲမွ စာမ်ားကို ထုတ္ႏႈတ္၍ အခန္းလိုက္ ေရးသားေပးသြားပါမည္။
Chapter 1 Dialogue on History of Buddha
ဗုဒၶ၀င္အေၾကာင္း ႏုိင္ငံျခားသားမ်ားႏွင့္ ေျပာဆုိ ေဆြးေႏြးျခင္း

A : " What religion do you believe ? "
ဘယ္ဘာသာ ကိုးကြယ္ ဆည္းကပ္ပါသလဲ ။

B : " I'm a Buddhist ." " I believe in Buddhism. "
ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္ တစ္ဦး ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာကို သက္၀င္ ယံုၾကည္ပါတယ္ ။

A : " A Buddhist ! " ' Yes... '
ေအာ္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္ တစ္ေယာက္ကိုး ။

B : " Of course, I mean a Buddhist is one who professes to be a follower of our Lord Buddha and accept His doctrine ( dhamma )."
မွန္ပါတယ္ ။ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္ တစ္ေယာက္ဆိုတာ ဗုဒၶရွင္ေတာ္ဘုရား ေဟာၾကားတဲ့ ေဒသနာေတာ္ျမတ္ကို နာယူ က်င့္ေဆာင္တဲ့ ဥပါသကာကို ဆိုလိုပါတယ္ ။

A : " His name's Buddha ? "
ဗုဒၶဆိုတာ ရွင္ေတာ္ဘုရားရဲ႕ အမည္လား ။

B : " No, Buddha is the name of a state of mind ."
မဟုတ္ပါဘူး ။ ဂုဏ္ေတာ္အားျဖင့္ ရအပ္တဲ့ အမည္ပါ ။

A : " What's the essence of Buddhism ? "
ဗုဒၶဘာသာရဲ႕ အႏွစ္သာရဟာ ဘာပါလဲ ။

B : " It's based on the Four Noble Truths . "
သစၥာေလးပါးေပၚ အေျခခံပါတယ္ ။

A : " * Yes ? "
ဘာကိုဆိုလုိပါလဲ ။ ရွင္းျပႏိုင္ပါသလား ။

B : " They are Dukha ( misery ) , Samudaya ( aggregation ) , Nirodha ( cessation ) and Magga ( Means ). "
ဒုကၡ ၊ သမုဒယ ၊ နိေရာဓနဲ႔ မဂၢသစၥာမ်ား ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ။
[ Can you explain about it ? ဟူ၍ ေမးႏိုင္ပါေသာ္လည္း ႏုိင္ငံျခားသားမ်ားမွာ ဟန္အမူအရာျဖင့္ Yes ? တစ္လံုးတည္း ေမးျမန္း ေျပာဆို တတ္ပါသည္ ။ ]

A : " May I ask you what's the meaning of Buddha ? "
ဗုဒၶရဲ႕ အဓိပၸာယ္ဟာ ဘာျဖစ္ပါသလဲ ။

B: " Enlightened one He who has the perfect wisdom. "
ေမာဟ တည္းဟူေသာ အမုိက္ေမွာင္ ကင္း၍ သဗၺညဳတဉာဏ္ေတာ္ အလင္းေရာင္ကို ေရာက္ရွိေသာ ပုဂၢိဳလ္ျမတ္ပါ ။

A : " What's Buddha's real name ? "
ဗုဒၶ၏ အမည္ေတာ္ရင္းက ဘာလို႔ ေခၚပါသလဲ ။

B : " Siddhattha was His royal name . ( Siddhattha means effected . ) Gotama , His family name. "
မင္းမ်ိဳး မင္းႏြယ္ အမည္ သိဒၶတၳ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ။ အက်ိဳး ၿပီးေျမာက္ျခင္းလို႔ အဓိပၸာယ္ ရပါတယ္ ။ အႏြယ္ေတာ္က ေဂါတမ အႏြယ္ေတာ္ ပါ ။

A : " Do you know the life of Buddha ? "
ဗုဒၶ၀င္ ျဖစ္စဥ္ကုိ သိပါသလား ။

B : " Yes, Of course. "
ဟုတ္ကဲ့ ၊ သိပါတယ္ ။

A : " How old is Buddhism ? "
ဗုဒၶဘာသာဟာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ဘယ္ေလာက္ၾကာသြားၿပီလဲ ။

B : " More than 2,500 years ago. "
ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ( ၂၅၀၀ ) ေက်ာ္သြားပါၿပီ ။

A : " Where was it founded ? By whom ? "
ဘယ္အရပ္မွာ ေပၚထြန္းပါသလဲ ။ ဘယ္သူ ေဟာၾကားပါသလဲ ။

B : " Founded in India - by the Buddha Himself in the sixth century B.C. "
အိႏၵိယျပည္မွာပါ ။ ျမတ္စြာဘုရား ကုိယ္ေတာ္တုိင္ ခရစ္ေတာ္ မေပၚမီ ၆ -ရာစုအတြင္း ေဟာၾကားခဲ့တဲ့ တရားေတာ္ေတြ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

A : " Pitakats ! "
ပိဋကတ္ေတာ္ေတြလား ။

B : " Yes, it's also known Basket of Dhamma . "
( Sutta , Vinaya and Abidhamma )
ဟုတ္ကဲ့ ၊ တရား ဘ႑ာတုိက္ လို႔လည္း ထင္ရွားပါတယ္ ။ ( သုတ္ ၊ ၀ိနည္း ၊ အဘိဓမၼာ တရားေတြပါပဲ ။ )

A : " Great ! "
ႀကီးက်ယ္ပါေပတယ္ ။

B : " To get the greatest wisdom, the Buddha Himself tried to accomplish ' Paramis ' ( Virtue ) in the existence . "
သဗၺညဳတ ေရႊဉာဏ္ေတာ္ ရဖို႔အတြက္ ျမတ္စြာဘုရားရွင္ ကိုယ္ေတာ္ျမတ္ဟာ သံသရာမွာ ပါရမီေတာ္ေတြ ျဖည့္က်င့္ ဆည္းပူးခဲ့ ရတယ္ ။

A : " Doctrine ? "
တရားေတာ္ေတြလား ။

B : " Of course it is . Tri Pitakats " ( Buddhistic Scriptures ). "
မွန္ပါတယ္ ။ ပိဋကတ္သံုးပံု ပါပဲ ။ ဗုဒၶစာေပ က်မ္းဂန္ေတြေပ့ါ ။

A : " Yes ... yes . "
ဟုတ္ကဲ့ ၊ ဟုတ္ကဲ့ - ဆက္ေျပာပါဦး ။

B : " Bodhisatta ( The future Buddha ) became the son of a very rich man named * Sumedha * ."
ဘုရားအေလာင္းေတာ္ဟာ လူခ်မ္းသာ တစ္ေယာက္ရဲ႕ သား ျဖစ္ခဲ့တယ္ ။ သုေမဓာလို႔ အမည္တြင္ခ့ဲတယ္ ။

" His parents died of sixteen, and the young millionaire's left with a great deal of gold and silver. "
သုေမဓာ သူေဌးသားေလးရဲ႕ မိဘေတြဟာ သူ အသက္ ၁၆ ႏွစ္ သားအရြယ္မွာ ကြယ္လြန္ အနိစၥ ေရာက္သြားၾကတယ္ ။ သူ႔မွာ ေရႊ ေငြ အေျမာက္အျမား က်န္ခဲ့တယ္ ။

A : " Then ? "
ဒီေတာ့ ဘာျဖစ္သလဲ ။ ဆုိစမ္းပါဦး ဗ်ာ ။

B : " Sumeda thought to himself , " My parents and grand-parents knew only how to get property but did not know to take it away beyond death . "
သုေမဓာ သူေဌးသားဟာ တစ္ေယာက္တည္း စဥ္းစားတယ္ ။ ' ငါ့ရဲ႕ မိဘေတြ ၊ အဖိုး အဖြားေတြဟာ ပစၥည္း ဥစၥာ ဘယ္လုိရွာေဖြ ရမယ္ဆိုတာ သိၾကတယ္ ။ သူတို႔ ေသေတာ့ အဲ့ဒိ ပစၥည္းေတြ ယူသြားနည္း မသိၾကေတာ့ဘူး ။
* ( အဂၤလိပ္ ဘာသာတြင္ ' Sa ' သ ျမန္မာ အကၡရာ အသံထြက္မွာ ခက္ခဲမႈ ရွိပါသည္ ။ ' ဆ ' အသံျဖင့္ ထြက္ေၾကာင္း သတိျပဳသင့္ပါ၏ ။ ျမန္မာ အေခၚ ' သုေမဓာ ' ကို ' ဆုေမဓာ - Sumeda ' ဟု အဂၤလိပ္လို အသံထြက္ၿပီး ေျပာမွသာ ႏုိင္ငံျခားသားႏွင့္ စကားေျပာလွ်င္ အဆင္ေျပပါမည္ ။ )

B : " So Sumeda gave away his property in alms . "
အဲ့ဒါေၾကာင့္ သုေမဓာ သူေဌးသားေလးဟာ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ပစၥည္းဥစၥာကို စြန္႔ႀကဲ ေပးလွဴခဲ့တယ္ ။

A : " Good deeds ! "
ေကာင္းျမတ္ပါေပတယ္ ။

B : " That's right. He knew very well , the merit of the deed would follow him after death . "
မွန္တာေပါ့ ။ ျပဳတဲ့ ကုသိုလ္ဟာ ကြယ္လြန္တဲ့ အခါ အက်ိဳးဆက္ အျဖစ္ လုိက္မယ္ဆိုတာ သူသိတာေပါ့ ။


ဆရာ ေရႊမင္း၀န္ ဦးဘုန္းျမင့္ ၏ ဗုဒၶ၀င္ အဂၤလိပ္ စကားေျပာ ( Dialogue On History Of Buddha ) စာအုပ္မွ ထုတ္ႏႈတ္ ေဖာ္ျပထားပါသည္။

အျမန္ဆံုးရာထူးတက္ရန္ႏွင္႕လူႀကီးႀကိဳက္ေအာင္